Lives Together, Worlds Apart: Men and Women in a Time of Change

Saybrook Productions

Drawing on case studies from first- and third-world nations, this program exposes the "gender apartheid" that has led to the marginalization of women around the world through violence and poverty. Commentary by Kofi Annan, secretary general of the UN; Festus Mogae, president of Botswana; and Margaret Jay, Britain's minister for women, as well as by many grassroots leaders reveals the victimization that is occurring through educational neglect, unfair labor practices, spouse abuse, and inadequate reproductive healthcare. The positive effects of rural empowerment programs, battered women refuges, and free health and legal counseling are also presented-but will cuts in funding sweep away the good that these initiatives have done? (57 minutes)

Shakespeare on the Silver Screen

NBD Television Limited

Effortlessly making the leap from stage to cinema, the plays of William Shakespeare have enjoyed decades of popularity in theaters on both sides of the Atlantic. This program combines clips from significant movie productions with an eclectic group of interviews to demonstrate the Bard's uncanny ability to fire the modern imagination-especially through the medium of film. Excerpts from Julie Taymor's Titus and Kenneth Branagh's musical Love's Labour's Lost as well as classic footage from Baz Luhrmann's Romeo and Juliet, Laurence Olivier's Hamlet, Peter Brook's A Midsummer Night's Dream, and Othello with Laurence Fishburn are included. (50 minutes)

Last Chance for Peace in Sierra Leone

Babelfish Productions

This compelling program documents the daring efforts of the Interreligious Council of Sierra Leone to press for peace and reconciliation in a country devastated by civil war. Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, president of Sierra Leone; William Schulz, executive director of Amnesty International, U.S.A.; Diana Eck, of Harvard Divinity School; and others offer their views on topics including atrocities committed against civilians, the questionable Lome Peace Accord, and the power of religion to affect politics. Sierra Leonean history provides a larger context for the program, while news footage and interviews with those directly affected bring home the reality of the civil war and its turbulent aftermath. (53 minutes)

Private Yankee Doodle

Maryland Public Television

This program was designed to help viewers understand the commitment and everyday sacrifice of Americans during the Revolutionary War. To show the daily routine of the common soldier, an entire Continental Army camp was recreated and 250 soldiers-all authentically dressed and equipped-were recruited from several of the nation's leading military reenactment groups. Historian Burt Kummerow walks across the camp and among the soldiers to explain the background and the purpose of camp activities. (28 minutes)

Your Cultural Passport to International Business

Meridian Education

Economically speaking, a wealth of new international business opportunities is swiftly creating a world without borders. But from a cultural point of view, many potential barriers still exist. In this program, people who have worked in different cultures offer insights into a variety of customs, including forms of greeting, body language, dining etiquette, and negotiation styles. This practical educational resource can help turn social liabilities into a rapport that profits all concerned. A Meridian Production. (28 minutes)

Sonnet Variations: A Performance of Selected Sonnets by Shakespeare

Hampden-Sydney College

Witty, sensual, and poignant, Shakespeare's sonnets are perhaps the greatest love poems ever written. In this ingenious program, 29 of the Bard's best are delivered in various pastoral settings-as well as at the breakfast table, over the telephone, and even as a standup comedy routine. Divided into Prelude, The Young Friend, The Dark Lady, and Epilogue, the performances include the following sonnets: 1, 3, 12, 15, 18, 20, 29, 33, 34, 35, 57, 60, 73, 87, 90, 94, 97, 116, 126, 129, 130, 135, 138, 143, 144, 146, 147, 153, and 154. An afterword provides comments on the history and enduring relevance of the sonnets. (46 minutes)

Theater in Japan: Yesterday and Today

The Arts Council of England

Theater has a long history in Japan, ranging from traditional Kabuki to today's avant-garde performing arts. This program explores the cultural debate within Japan regarding traditional forms of theater and more contemporary variations, including the adaptation of Western texts such as Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard and street theater. Interviews with many of Japan's leading playwrights such as Tadeshi Suzuki and some of the country's most talented performers present an encompassing-and engrossing-overview of the modern Japanese theater scene. (53 minutes)

Eating Disorders: The Inner Voice

Cambridge Educational

Eating disorders are not about the desire to be thin. Eating disorders are severe psychological illnesses that usually take years to overcome and can be accompanied by devastating and sometimes deadly physical side effects. In this powerful program, four young women and men from a variety of ethnic backgrounds share their stories of the physical pain and emotional torment caused by eating disorders. Medical, psychological, and nutritional experts explain the types of eating disorders, their causes, and who is most at risk, as well as treatment options. A Cambridge Educational Production. (30 minutes)

El Greco: Rediscovering a Master

Eva 1 Communications

Spurned and then nearly forgotten, El Greco went on to be hailed as one of Spain's greatest painters. This program describes the life of Domenikos Theotokopoulos, nicknamed "El Greco," and how his artistic legacy was rescued by a group of young Modernists who discovered his works in a museum in Barcelona. Emphasis is given to the revival of El Greco's reputation in the late 19th and 20th centuries by such painters as Rusinol and Picasso. Their rediscovery not only brought a master back from obscurity but also influenced their own work, as evidenced in paintings like The Old Guitarist from Picasso's "Blue Period." (53 minutes)

Russian Revolutions: Sex, Lies, and Nuclear Weapons

Nightline

In segment one of this program, ABC News anchor Ted Koppel reports on issues related to the new openness in Russia surrounding sexuality, including the growth of prostitution, resistance to contraception, and the spread of AIDS. In segment two, Koppel and correspondent John Donvan examine the ongoing controversy revolving around the political sellout of the independent Russian media. And in segment three, Koppel and Donvan analyze the impoverished and demoralized state of Russia?s soldiery, tasked with fighting the Chechens and presiding over one of the largest nuclear arsenals in the world. (61 minutes)

The Wild Riders

KERA TV

"If they are human, they're a separate species," said Charley Russell about cowboys. This episode shows us the West of Frederic Remington and Charley Russell, whose works transformed the working cowboy into the most enduring hero-figure in American folklore. Russell became a living representative of the West he portrayed, the poet laureate of the passing frontier. In their very different ways, he and Remington created a gallery of heroes that live on in the American imagination. (57 minutes)

Colombia's Guerrilla War: A Sundered Nation

Journeyman Pictures

In Colombia, government and paramilitary forces are terrorizing the populace to deprive the FARC and NLF guerrillas of civil support. But far from stamping out the war, this policy has led to an escalation that threatens to destroy the country. This program combines newsreel and documentary footage of life and death in Colombia's rural districts, cities, and guerrilla camps with interviews to explore the roots and the results of the 20th century's longest guerrilla war. Members of Bogota's Institute of Political Studies, the Red Cross, and the Church; army officers; guerrillas; politicians; and some of the 1.5 million refugees air their views on the terror and the tragedy of a nation divided. (53 minutes)

T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land

Deutsche Grammophon GmbH

Read by noted actors Michael Gough, Edward Fox, and Eileen Atkins, T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land powerfully expresses the disillusionment and disgust of the post–World War I era in Europe. In this program, Professor Frank Kermode, of Cambridge University; Eliot biographer Peter Ackroyd; and poets Sir Stephen Spender and Craig Raine examine the complex nature of Eliot’s influential poem, analyze its appeal, and trace the reasons why it became one of the best-known emblems of the 20th century. (59 minutes)

Yukio Mishima: Samurai Writer

Deutsche Grammophon GmbH

Ridiculed by some, admired by others, and ignored by no one, Yukio Mishima has remained a paradox in both life and death. This program combines extensive archival footage of Mishima; interviews with colleagues, including his biographer, Henry Scott Stokes, and two of his translators; and readings by actor John Hurt to portray Japan's immensely popular novelist, playwright, actor, and patriot of the extreme right. Obsessed with the act of hara-kiri and torn between Japanese tradition and the Westernization of his culture, Mishima's final statement, made in the prime of his life, is a subject of ongoing debate. (55 minutes)

Highlights of the York Mystery Plays

Business Television Corp

This enchanting program revives the drama and pageantry of the medieval mystery play as performed by the venerable guilds of York, England. Perched atop pageant wagons in the streets of their home city, guild members and townspeople in period costumes enact scenes from eleven plays of the Corpus Christi Cycle: Creation to the Fifth Day, The Creation of Adam and Eve, The Fall of Adam and Eve, The Flight into Egypt, The Temptation, The Agony in the Garden and the Betrayal of Christ, The Death of Christ, The Harrowing of Hell, The Incredulity of Thomas, The Ascension of Jesus Christ, and The Last Judgment. An introductory segment sets the stage. (57 minutes)

The Unelected: The Lobbies

Hedrick Smith Productions

In America, a shadow government wields incredible influence over what gets done inside the Beltway-and who reaps the benefits. In this program, correspondent Hedrick Smith spotlights the powerful influence of the nation's special interest lobbies during the Clinton years. Majority Whip Tom DeLay; Charles Blixt, of R. J. Reynolds; Mike Pertschuk, of the Advocacy Institute; members of Congress; lobbyists; and others scrutinize how UPS paralyzed OSHA's efforts to improve worker safety and how the medical insurance lobby's "Harry and Louise" ads helped sink the Clinton healthcare reform bill. In-depth reporting reveals the stealth tactics used by the tobacco industry in its ongoing fight against federal legislation. (43 minutes)

A History of Work

TVA Films

There can be no society without work. Yet as civilizations prosper and grow, labor historically is shifted onto the less privileged, while the elite either scorn work or only participate in certain types, creating hierarchies and inequalities. This program examines work from the early egalitarian hunter/gatherer and agrarian societies to the modern world-a world of multinationals and child slavery, of leisure and hard labor. Noted anthropologists, such as Professor Herbert Applebaum of SUNY, offer insights into how work has evolved and the challenges faced today, when millions are unemployed and the economic disparity between the First and Third Worlds is becoming ever greater. (53 minutes)

Sculptors at Storm King: Shaping American Art

Deutsche Grammophon GmbH

The 400-acre Storm King Art Center is America’s premier outdoor museum of post-1945 sculpture—and home to the works of more than a hundred of the world’s top talents. Through interviews, archival footage, and film clips of sculptors in action, this program offers a glimpse into the creative process of some of the century’s most influential artists while presenting a magnificent visual survey of the encyclopedic Storm King collection. Featured sculptors include Kenneth Snelson, Mark di Suvero, Richard Serra, and deceased artists David Smith, Louise Nevelson, Alexander Calder, and Isamu Noguchi. (47 minutes)

Regaining Control: Days Seven and Eight

Nightline

At the peak of the terrorist anthrax attack, more than 500 people per hour were dying, hospitals were filled to capacity, basic services were breaking down, looting had begun, and space to store the dead was running out. In this program-part two of a hypothetical scenario-ABC News anchor Ted Koppel presents two successive reports, plotting out the progress of the fictional biological attack on days seven and eight as it was finally brought under control. The price for unpreparedness? Over 50,000 dead. (40 minutes)

Wholesaling

Lynn Schwabe

Fashion merchandising begins with a designer, who conceptualizes garment styling and fabrication, and progresses through wholesaling where merchandise is manufactured and sold to retail stores. This comprehensive program presents a look at professionals in design and wholesale showrooms discussing how they buy fabrics, design, sell, and produce clothing lines. Viewers learn about the opportunities in this ever-changing field. A Cambridge Educational Production.

Persian Miniatures from the Shahnameh

Films for the Humanities & Sciences

The Shahnameh, Iran’s national epic, has been illustrated again and again over the course of Persian history. This epic poem, written by the poet Firdausi in the early 11th century, recounts Persia’s mythological and historical past. This program traces the development of Shahnameh painting over three centuries and under the patronage of three distinct Persian dynasties. Parallels between miniature painting and other art forms of the time are drawn, and the cultural settings in which this art flourished are examined. This fascinating look at a unique art form was produced with the assistance of the Fogg Art Museum. (28 minutes)

Caudillo: The History of the Spanish Civil War

Fernando Ruiz-Ogarrio

A superb documentary, using much footage hitherto unknown. This is a program that presents both sides of this still-controversial subject in its own words and using its own footage. The result is a solid lesson in history, a moving testimonial to the valor and romanticism of young men, and an indispensable tool for understanding modern Spanish literature and history. (English narration and subtitles, 1 hour 51 minutes)

Pablo Neruda: Fulgor y muerte de Joaquin Murrieta

Ente Público Radiotelevisión

Neruda's play celebrates an episode in Chilean history, embellishing the actual events of the California Gold Rush and transforming a story of prejudice and murder into a memorial saga. An RTVE production. Dramatization in Spanish. (45 minutes)

Sabato: El Tunel

Ente Público Radiotelevisión

Sabato's first novel introduces the theme of the artist who becomes insane because of his inability to communicate. The protagonist, a painter who becomes the lover of a blind man's wife, is blinded by his own personal and artistic goals. The film traces the convoluted route by which love turns to hatred. An RTVE Production. (Spanish, 60 minutes)

The Role of Theatre in Ancient Greece

Greek Television

This program looks at the theatres of Herodus Atticus, Epidauros, Corinth (where Arion is said to have taught the dithyramb), and many others to explain the design of the ancient theater, the synthesis of art forms that was ancient Greek drama, the origins of tragedy, the audience in classical times, the comparative roles of writer/director and actors, and the use of the surrounding landscape in many plays. (23 minutes)

The Raven and Other Poems

Independent Film Production Corporation

If "The Raven" is not the best-known American poem, then "Annabel Lee" is. Both have endured because they successfully illustrate Poe's esthetic theories of poetics; they use natural, comprehensible language whose music weaves a spell that underscores and heightens the language. These two poems and "The Dream within a Dream" are performed (not merely read!) as Poe himself might have recited them to his peers-with deep passion and intensity, but always with maximum attention to the text itself. The result is to magnify the mood and clarify the meaning, but never to illustrate, which the reader should do in his or her mind's eye. (17 minutes)

The Cavalry of the Clouds

HTV LIMITED

This is the story of the birth of aerial warfare, the reality behind the legend of the "death or glory" boys of the British Royal Flying Corps of World War I. It is told in grim documentary footage that shows the dreadful conditions of the ground warfare so many of the pilots sought to escape by volunteering to fly; fascinating footage of aerial encounters and aerial battles; footage of Baron von Richthoven (the famous Red Baron); and in reminiscences of some of the survivors of a time and a career when men were old at 19, often dead before they were 20, when the life expectancy of a pilot was two weeks.

Dreams: Theater of the Night

KCET TV

Why do dreams occur? What is their function? What do they mean? This provocative program looks at the facts and examines the theories, from Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams to today's neuroscience laboratory findings. The program visits a sleep research lab to explain REM sleep; another lab where researchers are using positron emission tomography (PET scanning) to explore the dreaming brain; and a therapy session where a patient describes a recurring dream. It covers a variety of theories about the physiological, chemical, and psychological reasons for, and results of dreams. (28 minutes)

Antoine de Saint-Exupery et Le Petit Prince

Institut National de L’Audiovisual

A consideration of the book and its importance, which reaches far beyond that of a children's fable, interwoven with dramatic readings from it and with details of the author's life and his search for spiritual meaning in flight. (French, 33 minutes, b&w)

The State of the Arts in America's Schools

University of Notre Dame

As cuts in federal and state funding continue to erode support for public school fine arts programs and field trips, opportunities for children to experience the visual arts, music, dance, and theater are disappearing. In this documentary, Kerry Bennington, of the Krasl Art Center, and other concerned experts trace the evolution of the arts in America and enter into the debate over whether the fine arts are an educational asset or an elitist diversion of scarce resources from core curriculums. (29 minutes)

Alive and Well: The Arts in America

University of Notre Dame

Thanks to the efforts of dedicated visionaries, there is an intergenerational learning experience spreading across the country. This fine arts forum invites the creators and supporters of outstanding school and community programs to take center stage. Together they share the positive impact the programs are having on students and the public at large, promoting art education and helping to ensure that the nation's artistic reservoir will grow in vitality and diversity. (29 minutes)

El pícaro—in Spanish with English subtitles

Ente Público Radiotelevisión

Drawing on the writings of Cervantes, Quevedo, and Alemán, this production defines the quintessentially Spanish pícaro—his role in society, his relationship to his master and mistress, his reliance on his own wits and his ability to outsmart others, his sense of humor, and his alienation. An RTVE production. Dramatization in Spanish with English subtitles. (30 minutes)

Geisha

Optomen Television

Their world is ruled by a strict code of privacy and silence, and in Japan their title is a byword for exotic allure. Called "entertainers" by some and "prostitutes" by others, the geisha are a secretive sorority in high demand by members of Japan's wealthy elite. Filmed in collaboration with Arthur Golden, author of the best-selling Memoirs of a Geisha, this program captures the geisha mystique while documenting the experiences of two maiko, geisha-in-training. Additional interviews with clients, patrons, and others offer insights into contemporary Japanese culture and a profession that is slowly fading away. (51 minutes)

Teenagers and Gangs: A Lethal Combination

Meridian Education

Gang violence plagues schoolyards and pervades city streets. Both inner-city and suburban teenagers are confronted by it daily. This documentary-style program features former gang members and their stories. Each one views his/her experience differently and viewers will learn who joins gangs, the reasons they join, and alternatives to gang life. It's no secret that a gang lifestyle can be attractive to teenagers, so we talk to psychologists and inner-city counselors to find out why. As they discuss the need to belong, low self-esteem, peer pressure, and academic failure, they also offer expert advice. An extremely focused and insightful view of a serious problem. A Meridian Production. One 26-minute video.

Trends in Apparel Marketing

Meridian Education

Technology and a booming U.S. economy are driving innovation in the clothing industry that is beneficial to businesses and consumers alike. This program examines trends in apparel marketing and changes in manufacturing and distribution. Bricks-and-mortar marketing via retail, department, discount, specialty, and outlet stores; catalog sales; shopping by television; and online buying are all discussed. In addition, interviews with a distributor, a buyer, and a retailer provide insider perspectives on this dynamic industry. A Meridian Production. (17 minutes)

Behind the Scenes in TV/Film Production

In the Line of Fire

What is it like to work in one of the world's most exciting communications industries? Going behind the scenes on the set of the TV show Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, this program provides an inside look at careers in television and film. Interviews with industry professionals provide a clear picture of the training, duties, and job opportunities offered by the positions of producer, assistant producer, director, assistant director, stuntperson, special effects technician, makeup artist, wardrobe specialist, camera operator, lighting technician, audio technician, gaffer, grip, and best boy. A Meridian Production. (26 minutes)

Arthur Miller's The Ride Down Mount Morgan

Deutsche Grammophon GmbH

Written when he was 76, Arthur Miller’s The Ride Down Mount Morgan opened in London in 1991 and was revived on Broadway in 2000. In this program, Miller discusses his comic yet thought-provoking tale of bigamy, revealing not only disenchantment with American theater and culture, but also a deep concern for the country’s moral and spiritual welfare. Generous excerpts from the original production are included, and actors Tom Conti, Gemma Jones, and Clare Higgins discuss their roles. Director Michael Blakemore, critic Michael Billington, and editor Christopher Bigsby also contribute to this intriguing appraisal of Miller’s play. (50 minutes)

Recorded Sound: The Dream Becomes a Reality

NVC Arts International

For centuries people dreamed of being able to record and play back sound. In 1877 Thomas Edison invented the phonograph and the whole course of music was forever changed. From the jukeboxes of the 1880s to contemporary composers blending live and recorded music, this program examines the effects, both positive and negative, that resulted from the birth of the phonograph and the subsequent development of electronic and computerized music-making devices. (51 minutes)

Stage for a Nation

DAVID OSTERLUND THE OSTERLUND

The National Theatre has entertained Washington since the time of Andrew Jackson, bringing the best of Broadway to Washington (and sometimes sending a play or musical to Broadway), providing a stage for theatrical legends from Edwin Booth to Helen Hayes, casting an influence on the American theater simply because it was the National Theatre and on the nation because theater-even when it appears all froth or fancy-remains a powerful medium that alters in some way all those who watch it.This spectacular program celebrates both the history and the present of the National: its memorabilia survey the history of American taste; institutions of the theater, like Helen Hayes, Pearl Bailey, and Carol Channing, describe the added dimensions of playing to an audience of power brokers and presidents; and scenes from some of the nation's (and the National's) biggest hits-including South Pacific, Hello Dolly, West Side Story, and A Chorus Line-are performed by star-studded casts that constitute a virtual Who's Who of the American theater. (52 minutes)

Ramona: A Story of Passion and Protest

KCET TV

Helen Hunt Jackson's novel of 1884 crystallized opinion about the whites' maltreatment of Indians (much as Uncle Tom's Cabin had done for slavery). This program uses feature film clips to recap the plot and historical sources and sites to explain both the immense popularity of the book and its transformation into a mythic symbol of whites and Indians in the West. (28 minutes)

Raymond Chandler's Los Angeles

KCET TV

The genre of the hard-boiled detective story, which is Raymond Chandler's contribution to the history of American literature, was derived from his observations of life in Los Angeles during the 1930s. Using period newsreels and clips from feature films made from his stories, this program shows the excesses of a frontier town shedding conscience in pursuit of possessions-the crime and corruption that provided the backdrop and inspiration for Chandler's work. (28 minutes)

The Birth of the Middle Ages

RCR Producciones

This program provides an introduction to medieval Europe by showing surviving traces to provide a feel of medieval style and practice and by tracing the roots of the fall of civilization and the onset of darkness. Much that is medieval survives, sometimes in unlikely places: in a feudal community in sub-Saharan Africa, where an absolute ruler holds court surrounded by ministers, courtiers, and hangers-on, with paladins in mail and mercenaries who, according to local tradition, are descendants of the crusaders; and in numerous folk festivals held in modern Italy, which reenact the futile battles against the invading nomadic hordes. The program traces the fall of Rome and the development of fortified monasteries and their gradual transformation into centers of prayer, work, and the study of ancient learning. With the acceptance of eastern peoples into the Church of Rome, Europe achieved its frontiers. (43 minutes)

Charlemagne and the Holy Roman Empire

RCR Producciones

Out of the ashes of the Roman Empire rose the Holy Roman Empire, born during Christmas of 800 in the Basilica of St. Peter's in Rome. This program covers the antecedents and the life of Charlemagne, shows life at the court, life of the courtiers and of the peasants, recounts the battle of Roncevaux-site of the epic Chanson de Roland-and counterpoints the glories of the Carolingian Renaissance with the everyday realities of hunger, plague, and constant violence. The program concludes with the first of Europe's major confrontations between empire and church, in this instance between Henry IV and Gregory VII. (31 minutes)

Pompeii: Daily Life of the Ancient Romans

Istituto Luce

A walk through the streets of Pompeii, into villas and shops, baths and gardens, temples, basilicas, the stadium, and the marketplace, demonstrates and explains the history of Pompeii and its relationship to Rome; the customs, lifestyle, living standards, and moral and religious values of Pompeians; and the cataclysm that buried the city and suffocated its entire population. Re-creations of buildings and other sites help to clarify an extremely vivid and informative program. (45 minutes)

The Development of the Human Brain

Eolis Productions

This program follows the physiological development of the human brain from conception through the growth of the neurological system in utero, to the moment of birth, when an amazing variety of brain functions are already apparent. The camera continues to follow a child to the age of eight, as a whole range of motor and cognitive skills appears-some as simple as focusing the eyes, others as complex as playing the piano. (48 minutes)

Civilization and Climate

Granada International Media

Changing climate probably played the decisive role in drawing hominids out of the trees, up on their hind legs, and off in search of food whose supply had been dispersed by the replacement of rainforests by grasslands. Migrations were motivated by the search for food; during ice ages, when sea levels dropped, new areas became accessible and populations spread. Links between climatic changes and emerging civilizations have also been postulated; the collapse of civilizations confronted with climatic challenges to which they could not or would not adapt is clearly documented: the Indus River civilization, the Viking settlement in Greenland, even the French Revolution. And Hitler's disastrous decision to invade Russia in 1941 was apparently based on inaccurate weather forecasting! (26 minutes)

An Introductory Course in American Sign Language

VISUAL COMMUNICATION

This program provides an understanding of the nature of American Sign Language and sufficient vocabulary to permit reasonable communication with the Deaf and hard-of-hearing. The program covers finger spelling, numbers, common phrases, and specialized signs. (38 minutes)

The Creation of Italy

Pathe Media

In 1858, Italy as a country did not exist; its territory had been divided at the Congress of Vienna into eight separate states, which provided strong motive for an independence movement at the very time when waves of nationalism and patriotic insurrection were sweeping a Europe in the throes of Romanticism. Enter Napoleon III, eager for France to reassert a leading role in European events and pleased to nettle the enemy, Austria. The first phase of the Italian fight for independence was thus instigated by the French, the Battle of Solferino: 1859. This program details the onset of that fight, the intrigues and secret deals before and after, the characters of Cavour and Garibaldi, the climactic Battle of Solferino, and Napoleon’s payoff—Nice and the Savoy. It would take another ten years for the unification of Italy to be accomplished. (30 minutes)

The Civil War

Pathe Media

This program offers a portrait of the United States in 1860 and describes the events of the Civil War: secession and the election of Jefferson Davis; the attack on Ft. Sumter; the initial enthusiasm for a heroic, romantic war; the first two years of war, with most of the fighting taking place between Washington and Richmond; the modern aspects of the war-the use of trains, the telegraph, the camera, automatic arms, iron-clad ships and mines; the Emancipation Proclamation; and a detailed analysis of the Battle of Gettysburg-the turning point of the war which would rage on for two more years. (42 minutes)

The Battle of the Marne

Pathe Media

The Battle of the Marne is the demarcation between the ancient and the modern world, between wars fought with white gloves and those fought by killing machines. This program examines the roots of the First World War: France's humiliating loss of Alsace and Lorraine in 1870; in the growing nationalisms, the pan-Germanism promoted by the Kaiser and the pan-Slavism by Tsar Nicholas; the jealousy and arrogance of the Germans, and their growing industrial power; the decay of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; the intertwining ententes and alliances, the words of honor given that would send millions to their deaths. The program documents the struggles, the forced marches, the uneven confrontation between well-trained soldiers and patriotic farmers; portrays the leaders on both sides; and details the battle of the Marne-a vicious, unbelievably bloody battle that in earlier times would have signaled the end of a war. This one would last four more years, cost nine million lives, and solve nothing. (30 minutes)English

Paris Through the Ages

Pathe Media

From its beginnings as a small fishing village inhabited by the Parisii during the third century B.C. through Caesar's conquest of Gaul and its acquisition of the name Lutetia, from its consecration as the capital of Capetian France in the 10th century through Villon to the student rebellion of 1968, Paris has been synonymous with France as no other national capital is. This program tells the story of Paris and its people: kings and councilors, poets and painters, architects and gardeners...rich and poor, aristocrats of ancient lineage and new immigrants, people of exquisite and those of execrable taste-Parisians all. In French. (58 minutes)

From the Ku Klux Klan to the Black Panthers

Pathe Media

Beginning with Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I have a dream" speech, this program illustrates the background of that speech with scenes filmed during the prison uprising at Attica, NY, in 1967; a Klan rally and a cross-burning; scenes of black life in the South that led to the mass migrations to the cities of the North; the desegregation of Little Rock High School; the Black Nationalist movement and the Black Muslim movement; Montgomery, Birmingham, and the civil rights movement; Malcolm X; the Newark, New Jersey, riots; and Eldridge Cleaver, Huey Newton, and the Black Panthers. (15 minutes)

Algeria 1954: Revolt of a Colony

Pathe Media

This program shows the uprising which succeeded in throwing out the French from the point of view of an Algerian Arab, showing the conditions and following the thought processes and the steps that led to insurrection, and the revolt itself. The words are those of the colonized North Africans-the man in the street as well as the intellectual and politician-and of such radical theoreticians of revolt as Franz Fanon. (14 minutes, b&w/color)

The Life and Times of Josef Stalin

Pathe Media

This is the documentary story of the man who subverted the Russian Revolution: born in 1879 in Georgia, a region colonized by Russia at the beginning of the 19th century; studied for the priesthood but soon abandoned piety for insurrection and agitation. By the time of the Revolution, his unique skills had emerged: to be in the right place at the right time and leave the speechifying to others while accumulating political power behind the scenes. Suppressing Lenin's dying wish that Stalin be replaced, he became Lenin's heir. Unable to achieve his objectives by consensus, he imposed them by fiat. The program follows the struggles and betrayals of the 1920s, the atrocities and loss of hope of the 1930s, the dreadful carnage of World War II, the sleight of hand by which Stalin imposed his conditions on Roosevelt and Churchill, and the end of this man, who brought so much suffering to so many. His cronies would have to die as well before the Era of Stalin could truly end. (90 minutes, b&w/color)

Nelson Mandela: The History of a Struggle

Reuters Television

On July 12, 1964, a South African court sentenced Nelson Mandela to life imprisonment. This program covers his life and activities up to that time, the background against which they occurred, and the events in the struggle against apartheid that led to his release. (30 minutes)

The Hungarian Uprising: 1956

Reuters Television

This program shows the steely face of Communism as the Soviets sent troops to Hungary to suppress popular discontent with the government. The program shows what happened in the aftermath of Prime Minister Imre Nagy's announcement that Hungary was withdrawing from the Warsaw Pact: Soviet troops entered Budapest and other centers and simply crushed the revolt. Thousands of Hungarians died and 150,000 fled the country. The program shows the uprising and its aftermath: Hungary's resumption of its place in the Eastern Bloc (which included joining Soviet troops in putting down the Czech attempts at liberalization in 1968); the exile of Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty in the U.S. Embassy; and the gradual economic reforms that made Hungary the most Western part of the Eastern Bloc. (12 minutes)

The Fateful Decade: From Little Rock to the Civil Rights Bill

Reuters Television

First there was the law, and then there was enforcement of the law. This program begins at Little Rock’s Central High School, when soldiers had to provide safety for black children exercising their legal right to go to school. Martin Luther King, Jr., already appears in 1958 at a meeting of black leaders with President Eisenhower. The civil rights movement accelerated: marches, clashes with the police and the jailing of demonstrators, the murder of Medgar Evers, the bombing of the Baptist church in Birmingham, sit-ins and protests, the Montgomery march, the Mississippi Freedom march, Martin Luther King, Jr.’s famous "I Have a Dream" and "I Have Been to the Mountaintop" speeches, his funeral, and President Johnson’s signing of the Civil Rights Bill of 1968. (27 minutes)

William Rivers: Everything Is Relatives

CTE Carlton

William Rivers, trained as a doctor, administered psychological tests to the islanders of the Torres Straits north of Australia and discovered the importance of relatives in their society. His work as a psychologist and medical researcher enabled him to bring something new to anthropology: a scientific approach. His field study with a hill tribe in southern India, the Todas, ultimately set the trend for anthropologists to go and visit the cultures in which they were interested, rather than staying at home and theorizing. (52 minutes)

Deadheads: An American Subculture

University of North Carolina

This program examines the Deadhead subculture: What kinds of people are attracted to this culture, and what attracts them to it? What social forms do Deadheads resist? What forms shape their behavior? What separates them from the mainstream? The program also examines the workings of a subculture from within. (28 minutes)

World War I: The War That Failed to End Wars

Pathe Media

In 1914, the participants thought it would be a short war, to be fought on the order of Austerlitz with charging cavalry, the battle lasting an afternoon. But that's not the way it turned out, and when the war was over, so was the world from which it had sprung. Both sides were certain they knew what they were fighting for and that their side was right, but it is hard to see now what World War I achieved other than to destroy a whole generation of men, establish mechanization as a measure of strength in war, destroy the economies of Europe-and set the stage for World War II. (15 minutes)

Arnold Schoenberg: My Evolution

University of California at Los Angeles

With Schoenberg’s lecture at UCLA as the narrative track, the musical illustrations he cites, and with photographs, manuscripts, and period footage, this program offers a unique picture of music struggling into the 20th century, of atonality, and of Schoenberg himself. (51 minutes)

The Tide Turns

QUARTET INTERNATIONAL INC.

The shared suffering has created a new comradeship and determination-"London can take it!" Americans are told. Nevertheless, one military disaster follows another as Rommel triumphs in North Africa. Britain suffers acute shortages of food, as three merchant ships on average are sunk every day. Food rationing is introduced, and the U.S. begins its Lend-Lease program. Women contribute as never before, working in factories, in the women's branches of the armed forces, and in civil defense. Gradually, thanks to the intervention of the United States and the German debacle on the Russian front, the tide begins to turn in the West. (58 minutes, b&w)

The Final Chapter

QUARTET INTERNATIONAL INC.

Hitler suffers crushing defeat in Russia, though at enormous cost to the Soviets. Three million fighting men (and some women) are stationed in the U.K., poised to invade Europe. D-Day is the 6th of June, and within days of the first landing, over 300,000 Allied soldiers are fighting on French soil. The French resistance fights street battles in Paris as the Allies approach. V-1 and V-2 bombs pose a new threat to London, but by April, Berlin is surrounded and Hitler is said to commit suicide. Germany is defeated, but the war against Japan will continue for a further three months. (58 minutes, b&w)

Culture: English Takes Center Stage

Electric Sky

The export of Western culture has made English a star performer on the world stage. This program discusses the ubiquity of Shakespeare and the King James Bible, explaining their roles in propelling English into preeminence as a language for cross-cultural expression. The success of TV as a medium for disseminating English is also explored, as is the appeal of English in movies and music to audiences in India and Japan. Ebonics as a dialect of American English with mass appeal among teens is also considered. Featured personalities include televangelist Pat Robertson; Moira Goff, of the British Library; fashion mogul Sir Paul Smith; and director Nagesh Kukunoor. (50 minutes)

Romans, Saxons, Vikings: 43-1066

Fremantle Home Entertainment

The Romans, who conquered the indigenous Bronze-Age Celts when they arrived in 43, did not conquer Londinium, they created it as a base for conquering England. This program covers the founding of the city on the shores of the river whose name in Celtic means "Bright Water"; shows us the remains of Roman London, the theatre at St. Albans, and such analogues as the baths at Bath; tells of the departure of the Roman legions and the arrival of the barbarians and their record in place names; and covers the building of Westminster Cathedral and the arrival of William-London's last conqueror. The principal illustrations: Tower Bridge, Richmond Park, Boadicea's Statue, London Wall, Roman Baths at Bath, Roman Theatre at St. Albans, Temple of Mithras, All Hallows by the Tower, The Pool of London, Model of a Viking Longboat, Bayeux Tapestry. (20 minutes)

Henry IV, part 1

ITEL Worldwide

Part of the series The Wars of the Roses. (2 hours 52 minutes)

Henry IV, part 2

ITEL Worldwide

Part of the series The Wars of the Roses. (2 hours 31 minutes)

Minefield: The U.S. and the Muslim World

ABC News

In this program, ABC News anchor Peter Jennings presents a tour of the political, religious, and cultural complexities of the Islamic world, providing a country-by-country assessment of relations with the United States. This special, produced a month after the terrorist attacks of September 11th, provides a better understanding of the current crisis. A wide variety of diplomatic and military experts offer commentary, including recent National Security Council member Robert Malley and Charles Freeman, former U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia. (44 minutes)

Diego Velazquez-Spanish with English subtitles

Mundo Nuevo Producciones

The leading painter of the Spanish Baroque period, Diego Velázquez covered a wide range of subjects, from royal portraits of King Philip IV and his family to perhaps the most celebrated of all self-portraits, Las Meninas. Filmed on location at The Escorial, The Prado, and in Velázquez’s native Seville, this program chronicles the life of the artist through his work, examining his Classical education and apprenticeship under Francisco Pacheco as well as numerous canvases from his long career as court painter. (Spanish with English subtitles, 48 minutes)

Diego Velazquez

Mundo Nuevo Producciones

The leading painter of the Spanish Baroque period, Diego Velázquez covered a wide range of subjects, from royal portraits of King Philip IV and his family to perhaps the most celebrated of all self-portraits, Las Meninas. Filmed on location at The Escorial, The Prado, and in Velázquez’s native Seville, this program chronicles the life of the artist through his work, examining his Classical education and apprenticeship under Francisco Pacheco as well as numerous canvases from his long career as court painter. (Spanish, 48 minutes)

Alfred Kinsey: Social Science in America's Bedroom

Team Sound & Vision

Sexuality was the last uncharted realm of social science until a controversial biology professor named Alfred Kinsey walked into America's bedroom and turned on the light. In this program, John Bancroft, director of The Kinsey Institute; James H. Jones, author of Alfred C. Kinsey: A Public/Private Life; and Kinsey's former colleague Paul Gebhard engage in a thoughtful assessment of Kinsey's findings-data weakened, however, by the makeup of Kinsey's sample population, his own sexual experiences, and his desire to see a more inclusive ethic of tolerance in the U.S. Nonetheless, as a tool of social reform, Kinsey's work succeeded in opening a channel in the public discourse on a hitherto taboo subject. (16 minutes)

Entertainment in the Digital Age

Window to the World Communications

Is show business a contradiction of terms? In this program, CBS Television's president and CEO, Leslie Moonves-named Most Powerful Man in Hollywood by Entertainment Weekly-and Alex Yemenidjian, chairman and CEO of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, tell all as they consider the evolution of entertainment as Hollywood goes digital. In addition, MBA students and faculty from The Anderson School at UCLA ask questions about increasing the racial diversity among TV/film executives, dealing with actor and writer strikes, and career options for MBA graduates in the movie industry. (57 minutes)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Deutsche Grammophon GmbH

With its real-life characters and earthly plot, The Marriage of Figaro is the first modern opera and an example of how Mozart took his inspiration from humanity and not God, as his predecessors had done. This program tracks the meteoric career of perhaps the greatest musical genius ever. Musicologist André Tubeuf and Mozart scholars Jean and Brigitte Massin discuss the interplay of composition and personal fortune in the artist’s brief life. A varied sampling of his many works includes Wilhelm Furtwängler conducting Don Giovanni; Karl Böhm conducting The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute, and Requiem; Leonard Bernstein conducting Mozart’s choral motet Ave Verum (K618); Misuko Uchida performing Piano Concerto No. 9 (K271); François-Joël Thiollier performing Piano Concerto No. 14 (K449); and Ekaterina Novitzkaja performing Piano Sonata No. 9 (K310). Original title: Mozart: A Quest for Freedom. (27 minutes)

Winter: Season of Snow and Bamboo

Kyoto Broadcasting System

This program reveals the pristine vistas of winter in Kyoto. Set against a backdrop of snow, New Year's festivities-the Okera-mairi ritual at Yasaka Shrine, the tolling of the bell at Kiyomizu Temple, pilgrimages to the temples of the seven gods of fortune, the calligraphy festival at Kitano Temmangu Shrine, the naked dance at Hokaiji Temple, and other events-as well as the Devil Dance festival and ceremonial performances of Kyogen theater at the Mibudera Temple are featured. A smorgasbord of seasonal specialties served at the popular Matsuba, Kitamura, and Okutan restaurants are also included. (47 minutes)

The Sphinx in Context: Solving the Riddle

Adler Media

Starting when the first explorers laid eyes on the incomparable Sphinx, theories have proliferated about who built it and why. In this program, Zahi Hawass, of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities; Egyptologist Fayza Haikal; Kathryn Bard, editor of The Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt; authors Paul Jordan and Robert Schoch; and others employ the latest scientific scholarship and research to dispute those many theories while addressing a century of preservation and restoration efforts. Their keen insights, in combination with 3-D computer animations, vintage newsreel footage, archival photos, and artwork, bring to life a story of monumental proportions. (51 minutes)

The Spanish Civil War: Blood and Ink-in Spanish

Films for the Humanities & Sciences

When Spain's army mutinied against the Second Republic in 1936, it marked the beginning of a bitter civil war that lasted three years and cost one million Spanish lives. In this program, respected authorities elaborate on the writings and personalities of those who captured this devastating period in poetry and prose. Dramatic readings include excerpts from Rafael Alberti's "Romancero General de la Guerra," Antonio Machado's "Muerte de un Nino Herido," Jose Maria Peman's "De Ellos Es el Mundo" and "Poema de la Bestia y el Angel," and Miguel Hernandez' Viento del Pueblo. (Spanish, 50 minutes)

William Kentridge: Art from the Ashes

German United Distributors

In this program, artist, filmmaker, and dramatist William Kentridge demonstrates his remarkable filmmaking technique-stop-action animation using photos of charcoal drawings in which he has erased and redrawn scenes in different arrangements-as he works on Stereoscope. Footage from that piece as well as from History of the Main Complaint; Felix in Exile; Sobriety, Obesity & Growing Old; Mine; and Johannesburg, 2nd Greatest City After Paris powerfully illustrates his abiding concerns with the sociopolitical legacy of racial oppression and colonialism in South Africa. The film clips also reveal how his polemical "drawings for projection" evoke a nuanced sense of time's passage as each image builds upon the shadowy remnants of prior ones. (52 minutes)

Terrorism: BioAttack-A Fred Friendly Seminar

Fred Friendly Seminars

One of the most dreaded weapons in the terrorist's arsenal can be delivered in a paper envelope. Vividly exploring situations that public officials, health care workers, and law enforcement personnel would have to confront in the event of a biological attack, a panel of experts wrestles with questions that have gone largely unanswered in the public record: Who among America's leadership is in charge of the response? Who gets medical treatment, and who decides? Must the affected city be quarantined? Will people be prohibited from leaving? Moderated by ABC News Chief Legal Correspondent Cynthia McFadden, this Fred Friendly Seminar lays bare the central issues of homeland security and the possibility that a biological attack would turn America into a much different place overnight. Additional resources are located online at www.pbs.org/inthebalance/terrorism. (57 minutes)

News from the Holy Land: Theory and Practice of Reporting Conflict

Mercury Media International

Is Western media coverage of the Israeli/Palestinian conflict hindering the peace process? This hard-hitting program says yes, arguing that news reports focusing on violence without sufficiently addressing the causes promote bias and polarize public opinion. Examples of TV news stories that could provide a more accurate reflection of what is taking place in Israel and the West Bank—and, by extension, anywhere a vicious cycle of violence exists—are featured. An excellent jumping-off point for a deeper understanding of the complexities and nuances of TV journalism and the ongoing violence in the Holy Land. Viewable/printable instructor’s notes are available online. (51 minutes)

La Disgregacion del Islam Andalusi y el Avance Cristiano-in Spanish with English Subtitles

Ente Público Radiotelevisión

From the death of Almanzor and the breakup of Moorish al-Andalus into taifas to Christian victory at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, this program depicts the continuous transformation of the Iberian Peninsula as rival powers shaped the land's destiny. The alliances and struggles among Christians, Moors, Almoravides, and Almohads are captured through numerous dramatizations and maps. Key figures, including Alfonso VI and El Cid, are featured.

Espana, Espana-in Spanish with English Subtitles

Ente Público Radiotelevisión

The dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera. Spain's Second Republic. The Spanish Civil War. This program, composed almost entirely of period footage and photographs, seeks to understand the tortuous sociopolitical forces at work in Spain between the two world wars. Profiles of public figures and popular movements combined with background on liberal reforms and horrific atrocities evoke an image of a people torn between hope and despair.

Origins

ABC News

This program begins with the arrival of 20 enslaved Africans brought to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 and examines the impact of slavery on African Americans. C. Eric Lincoln, professor of philosophy and religion at Duke University and a noted authority on African-American religion, explains why African roots are important to African Americans and shows how the African cultural heritage—music, dance, art, blues, and storytelling—manifests itself in American life. (46 minutes)

Spirits of the State: Japan's Yasukuni Shrine

John Nelson

Tokyo’s Yasukuni shrine honors and venerates the spirits of Japanese soldiers and officers—including convicted and executed war criminals. This program explores the history of the Shinto shrine, the complexity of its functions, and the controversies generated when political leaders appear there. Interviews with visitors, an inside look at the shrine’s adjacent museum of war memorabilia, and a discussion of what has become known as “state Shinto” create a context in which reverence for the enshrined may be understood. A rare view of Japanese nationalism and the political use of religious traditions, Spirits of the State offers valuable insight into the continuing and contested legacies of World War II. (28 minutes)

Landscape: The Invention of Nature

Lagardere Studio Distribution

Some of the earliest landscape paintings are found on the walls of Egyptian tombs—demonstrating that, since ancient times, panoramic scenes of nature have held spiritual significance. This program guides viewers through the history of landscape art and its various emotional, symbolic, and sacred meanings. Progressing through ancient Greek and Roman villa paintings, Byzantine art, and the proto-Renaissance advances of Giotto and Lorenzetti, the program shows how awareness and mastery of perspective evolved, leading to magnificent works by Giorgione, Brueghel, da Vinci, and other masters of landscape. (27 minutes)

The Scenario: Telling a Story Through Painting

Lagardere Studio Distribution

Can a painting be read the way a play or movie is watched? What stories do the shapes and colors of the world’s great pictures tell? This program encourages viewers to analyze the narratives in painted images, illustrating possible interpretations for a long procession of famous works. Piero della Francesca’s The Flagellation, Caravaggio’s Judith Beheading Holofernes, Rubens’ Medici Cycle, Brueghel’s Blind Leading the Blind, Vermeer’s Woman at the Scales, David’s Coronation of Napoleon, and Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass—these are a few of the masterpieces which, with the help of the film, reveal their author’s insights into the human drama. (27 minutes)

Canada: A Diverse Culture

Agency for Instructional Technology

Famous for its natural beauty, Canada is underappreciated for its vibrant multiculturalism and racial diversity. This program journeys to Quebec and British Columbia to study social, economic, and cultural issues in those provinces. Conversations with local residents—including bilingual students in Montreal and three generations of Japanese fishermen in Vancouver—highlight the complexities and the rewards of the Canadian experience. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide—including geographical background information, extension activities, vocabulary handouts, and more—is available online. Correlates to National Geography Standards. (25 minutes)

India: Population and Resources

Agency for Instructional Technology

Dramatic changes over the past 20 years have created a tech-savvy Indian middle class. This program details the economic strength of the "new" India, its ongoing problems of unemployment and poverty, and how these issues are linked to overpopulation. Outlining the country's 5,000-year history, the video focuses on the southern city of Bangalore, also known as the Silicon Valley of India, and the daily influx of rural job-seekers it faces. Conversations with women in prominent high-tech positions emphasize changing attitudes toward gender roles. A viewable/printable instructor's guide-including geographical background information, extension activities, vocabulary handouts, and more-is available online. Correlates to National Geography Standards. (25 minutes)

Chaos and Order: Making American Theater

The South End Cinema

The American Repertory Theater is one of the most respected and innovative dramatic institutions in the United States. Through the prism of the A.R.T., this program explores the organizational and creative challenges facing today’s theater community and describes the flexibility and resilience arts groups must have to survive in today’s cultural climate. F. Murray Abraham, Debra Winger, and numerous other renowned performers—along with groundbreaking directors Andrei Serban, Peter Sellars, and Robert Woodruff—join A.R.T. technicians and artisans in illuminating the precarious condition of American theater. Tony Award–winning actress Cherry Jones narrates. (68 minutes)

American Imperialists: Soviet Animation vs. the United States

Films by Jove

Racism, unemployment, aggression, excess-the USSR's animation studios frequently took aim at these aspects of American culture. Representing five decades of animated Soviet propaganda, this program features short films that blast the United States and its perceived evils. Black and White and Mister Twister extol the absence of bigotry in Soviet society, while Someone Else's Voice portrays jazz as an enemy of the people. Ave Maria condemns America's presence in Vietnam and the influence of the Catholic church, and The Shooting Range underscores the violence behind economic and class divisions. Seven films total, plus commentary from Russian State Film School professor Igor Kokarev, director/artist Vladimir Tarasov, and Dr. Sonia Marshak, great-granddaughter of the acclaimed Soviet poet. (106 minutes) Portions are in Russian with English subtitles.

Onward to the Shining Future: Animation and the Big Soviet Lie

Films by Jove

Soviet film studios worked hard to portray their government's system as idyllic and forward-looking. This program showcases animated films designed to promote that utopian vision. Soviet Toys, the earliest known example of Soviet animation, condemns Lenin's New Economic Policy; The Victorious Destination celebrates the achievements of Stalin's first five-year plan; Samoyed Boy praises the Soviet educational system and the casting-off of antiquated traditions; and Hot Stone, Music Box, and Songs of the Years of Fire rejoice over the passing of Czarist imperialism and the establishment of a new, benevolent society. Eleven films total, plus commentary from Russian State Film School professor Igor Kokarev, political cartoonist Boris Yefimov, and director/animator Fyodor Khitruk. (152 minutes) Portions are in Russian with English subtitles.

Realism: The Artistic Form of the Truth

Films for the Humanities & Sciences

It is a creative impulse as old as humanity itself: to depict life faithfully, accurately, in words or in images. This program shows how that impulse led to Realism—a widespread artistic movement, born in the latter half of the 19th century, which rejected pretense, distortion, and sentimentality. Incorporating interviews with art historians and literary scholars, the program explores the sociopolitical origins of the phenomenon in the 1848 Revolution in France and the concurrent wave of industrialization that swept Europe and America. Luminous images by Édouard Manet, Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, and Honoré Daumier—along with the unflinching writings of Honoré de Balzac, Gustave Flaubert, Émile Zola, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Anton Chekhov, August Strindberg, and Henrik Ibsen—are analyzed and compared with the work of Thomas Eakins, George Bellows, Mark Twain, Jack London, Stephen Crane, and others. The contributions of early photographers and filmmakers, as well as the first stirrings of feminism, are also examined. (54 minutes)

AIDS Warriors: Confronting Africa's Health Crisis

Wide Angle

In sub-Saharan Africa, AIDS is not only a vast humanitarian tragedy, but also a dire threat to regional stability. This Wide Angle documentary explores the role of Angola's military, the only functioning arm of the state, in a nationwide effort to combat the AIDS pandemic. The program identifies what may be the only benefit of Angola's long civil war-specifically, one of the lowest HIV infection rates in southern Africa-although this advantage is now endangered as refugees and soldiers reenter civilian life. Uncompromising in its social and political analysis, this program offers an arresting portrait of a nation and continent ill-equipped to defend against an exploding health crisis. In addition, Stephen Lewis discusses Africa's AIDS crisis with anchor Mishal Husain. (57 minutes)

Hot Off the Press: Inside a Daily Newspaper

ClickView Pty Limited

Believe it or not, print journalism is alive and kicking in the digital age. This video takes viewers behind the scenes at a large daily newspaper, exploring in detail how staff members fulfill their writing, illustration, and assembly duties, and how the paper-based periodical has adapted to high-tech documentation, communication, and delivery methods. News and feature reporters, sub-editors, photographers, and the paper's news editor and print manager all discuss their challenges and responsibilities in detail-shedding light on how newsworthy events are tracked, stories are assigned, fieldwork is accomplished, pages are digitally laid out, and other aspects of journalism. Viewable/printable educational resources are available online. (26 minutes)

Borderless: The Lives of Undocumented Workers

Kairos

How much do American and Canadian citizens really understand about the personal, social, and economic struggles of undocumented workers? This program deepens that understanding, providing an intimate look inside the lives of two non-status migrant laborers. Geraldo, a Costa Rican construction worker, and Angela, a Caribbean domestic employee, describe their experiences with labor exploitation and restrictive immigration laws, as well as their separation from children and family—poignantly conveyed through telephone calls home. Humanizing an often invisible workforce, the program exposes some of the hidden costs of sustaining the “first world” economy. (27 minutes)

Digital Movie Maker: Guidance from an Expert

Jancy Movies

Help students build their shooting, lighting, and recording skills with this detailed guide to professional-quality video production. This program focuses on the real-world techniques of producer Bill Cote, a 25-year veteran of the television industry, who uses footage from a recently wrapped film to demonstrate proper equipment operation. Divided into four main chapters covering preproduction, camera work, lighting, and audio recording, the program explains shooting schedules, shot lists, storyboards, camera exposure, shutter speed, lenses, filters, three-point lighting, time code and logs, shotgun mics, lapel mics, mic levels, audio ambience, and much more. (58 minutes)

Return to the Heart of Darkness

Nightline

The world largely ignored Rwanda's descent into genocide and civil war. With tensions continuing along the Congo-Rwanda border, will history repeat itself? This ABC News program examines new challenges in central and eastern Africa, reporting on the instability created by Hutu guerillas known as the FDLR. The program also analyzes successes and failures that have occurred as Rwanda tries to heal. Revisiting the shores of Lake Kivu, where vast numbers of refugees died during the violence of the mid-1990s, the program studies the efforts of the International Crisis Group to address vestiges of the tragedy and remove the FDLR-giving the world a second chance to pay attention. (23 minutes)

The Pyramids

Southern Star

Although their function and architecture have inspired centuries of debate, the Egyptian pyramids harbor yet another enigma, having to do with their location. This program looks at why particular places were selected for pyramid-building and why new sites were chosen as Egypt's culture evolved. Explaining the architectural leap from the mastaba to the Step Pyramid of Djoser, the program explores reasons for abandoning Saqqara, building on the Giza plateau and at Abu Roash, and returning to Saqqara. The availability of construction resources in these areas is analyzed, as well as an equally important religious factor-focusing on Heliopolis, the hub of sun worship. (25 minutes)

Kurt Waldheim: UN Secretary-General, 1972-1981

Lagardere Studio Distribution

Although dogged by scandal after his term as Secretary-General, Kurt Waldheim steered the United Nations through a precarious phase of global history—in which the Vietnam War and the space race were the most prominent of many international dramas. Waldheim’s involvement in Turkish-Cypriot diplomacy and several attempts at conflict resolution in the Middle East and Central Asia are also notable, as well as his spearheading of numerous international conferences. This program presents an overview of the Waldheim mandate and records the Austrian leader’s detailed reflections on his challenges and accomplishments as Secretary-General. (31 minutes)

Boutros Boutros-Ghali: UN Secretary-General, 1992-1996

Lagardere Studio Distribution

Despite Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s diplomatic accomplishments, his tenure as United Nations Secretary-General was marked by a tragic period in African history and a difficult political transition for the world body. In this program, Boutros-Ghali sheds light on global events in which the UN participated—or perhaps should have been more involved. The Egyptian scholar conveys his opinion that peacekeeping missions overburdened UN resources during his mandate, that warnings about Rwanda’s ethnic conflict were ineffective, and that American officials intended, through the brusque removal of Boutros-Ghali from power, to caution his successors. Contains graphic images of genocide victims. (28 minutes)

Essentials of Faith: Islam

Electric Sky

The Five Pillars of Islam-belief in one God, praying five times a day, fasting, giving to charity, and going on pilgrimage-guide all Muslims. But cultural and political influences have shaped the observance of the faith in various ways from country to country. This program explores the beliefs of four Islamic leaders and scholars who communicate penetrating insights and observations on the contrasts and continuity within their religion. Interviewees include Imam Abdul Sajid of the Al-Hijrah Trust, chef and TV show host Michael Bukht, prominent London banker Kosser Sheikh, and Professor Haleh Afshar, a lecturer in politics and women's studies at the University of York. (24 minutes)